Psalm 14

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This article is about Psalm 14 in Hebrew (Masoretic) numbering. For Psalm 14 in Greek Septuagint or Latin Vulgate numbering, see Psalm 15.
Psalm 14
"The fool hath said in his heart, There is no God."
Enchiridion geistlicher Gesänge 27.jpg
Martin Luther's singable version of the 14th Psalm, "Es spricht der Unweisen Mund wohl", in the 1524 Erfurt Enchiridion
Other name
  • Psalm 13
  • "Dixit insipiens in corde suo"
LanguageHebrew (original)
Psalm 14
BookBook of Psalms
Hebrew Bible partKetuvim
Order in the Hebrew part1
CategorySifrei Emet
Christian Bible partOld Testament
Order in the Christian part19

Psalm 14 is the 14th psalm of the Book of Psalms, beginning in English in the King James Version: "The fool hath said in his heart, There is no God." In the Greek Septuagint and the Latin Vulgate, it is psalm 13 in a slightly different numbering, "Dixit insipiens in corde suo".[1] Its authorship is traditionally assigned to King David.[2] With minor differences, it is nearly identical in content with Psalm 53.[3] Hermann Gunkel dates the psalm to the exile period.[4]

The psalm forms a regular part of Jewish, Catholic, Lutheran, Anglican and other Protestant liturgies. It has been paraphrased in hymns such as Luther's "Es spricht der Unweisen Mund wohl".

Text[edit]

Hebrew Bible version[edit]

The following is the Hebrew text of Psalm 14:[5]

VerseHebrew
1;לַמְנַצֵּחַ, לְדָוִד: אָמַר נָבָל בְּלִבּוֹ, אֵין אֱלֹהִים

.הִשְׁחִיתוּ, הִתְעִיבוּ עֲלִילָה-- אֵין עֹשֵׂה-טוֹב

2:יְהוָה-- מִשָּׁמַיִם, הִשְׁקִיף עַל-בְּנֵי-אָדָם

.לִרְאוֹת, הֲיֵשׁ מַשְׂכִּיל-- דֹּרֵשׁ, אֶת-אֱלֹהִים

3.הַכֹּל סָר, יַחְדָּו נֶאֱלָחוּ: אֵין עֹשֵׂה-טוֹב--אֵין, גַּם-אֶחָד
4.הֲלֹא יָדְעוּ, כָּל-פֹּעֲלֵי-אָוֶן: אֹכְלֵי עַמִּי, אָכְלוּ לֶחֶם; יְהוָה, לֹא קָרָאוּ
5.שָׁם, פָּחֲדוּ פָחַד: כִּי-אֱלֹהִים, בְּדוֹר צַדִּיק
6.עֲצַת-עָנִי תָבִישׁוּ: כִּי יְהוָה מַחְסֵהוּ
7:מִי יִתֵּן מִצִּיּוֹן, יְשׁוּעַת יִשְׂרָאֵל

בְּשׁוּב יְהוָה, שְׁבוּת עַמּוֹ; יָגֵל יַעֲקֹב, יִשְׂמַח יִשְׂרָאֵל

King James Version[edit]

  1. The fool hath said in his heart, There is no God. They are corrupt, they have done abominable works, there is none that doeth good.
  2. The Lord looked down from heaven upon the children of men, to see if there were any that did understand, and seek God.
  3. They are all gone aside, they are all together become filthy: there is none that doeth good, no, not one.
  4. Have all the workers of iniquity no knowledge? who eat up my people as they eat bread, and call not upon the Lord.
  5. There were they in great fear: for God is in the generation of the righteous.
  6. Ye have shamed the counsel of the poor, because the Lord is his refuge.
  7. Oh that the salvation of Israel were come out of Zion! when the Lord bringeth back the captivity of his people, Jacob shall rejoice, and Israel shall be glad.

Difference[edit]

There is an additional passage after verse 3 which is present in the Septuagint, the Vulgate, and two Hebrew manuscripts,[citation needed] but missing from the Masoretic text and from Psalm 53. The passage (and verses 2 and 3) is quoted in full in Romans 3:13-18, taken from the Septuagint.[6] The Hebrew of this passage, including verse 3, reads:[7]

HebrewEnglish

הַכֹּל סָר יַחְדָּו נֶאֱלָחוּ
אֵין עֹשֵׂה טוֹב אֵין גַּם אֶחָד׃
קֶבֶר פָּתוּחַ גְּרוֹנָם לְשׁוֹנָם יַחֲלִיקוּן
חֲמַת עַכְשׁוּב תַּחַת לְשׁוֹנָם אֲשֶׁר פִּיהֶם אָלָה וּמִרְמָה מָלֵא
קַלּוּ רַגְלֵיהֶם לִשְׁפּוֹךְ דָּם׃
מַזָּל רַע וּפֶגַע רַע בְּדַרְכֵיהֶם וְדֶרֶךְ שָׁלוֹם לֹא יָדְעוּ
אֵין פַּחַד אֱלֹהִים לְנֶגֶד עֵינֵיהֶם׃

They are all gone aside, they are together become filthy.
There is none that doeth good, not even one.
An open grave is their throat, their tongue speaketh smoothly.
Asp venom is under their tongue, whose mouth is full of cursing and deceit.
Their feet are swift to shed blood.
Misfortune and evil injury are in their ways, and the way of peace have they not known.
There is no fear of God before their eyes.

Meaning[edit]

David is telling the audience that it is foolish to not believe in God. The opening statement says, "The fool hath said in his heart, There is no God." In the Bible when something or someone is referenced to being "foolish", this means that this person is "someone who disregards God's word".[citation needed] He refers to them as corrupt and does work that is hateful when it says "abominable". David is making it clear that without God, man cannot do any good because we have a sinful nature. One who does not believe in God, is susceptible to hatefulness and corrupt behavior.

According to some Christian exegesis, David begins to reference the return of Christ to retrieve his people. When he discusses the salvation of Israel and bringing them out of captivity, he is saying that the Lord will bring the ones who call on his name and are his believers to safety, away from the dominion of sin on the earth.[8][9]

Uses[edit]

New Testament[edit]

Some verses of Psalm 14 are referenced in the New Testament. Verses 1c, 2b, 3 are quoted in Romans 3:10–12[10]

Book of Common Prayer[edit]

In the Church of England's Book of Common Prayer, Psalm 14 is appointed to be read on the evening of the second day of the month.[11]

Musical setting[edit]

Martin Luther paraphrased Psalm 14 in a hymn in German "Es spricht der Unweisen Mund wohl" in 1524, one of the eight songs in the first Lutheran hymnal, Achtliederbuch. Heinrich Schütz wrote a setting of this text, SWV 110, as part of the Becker Psalter.


References[edit]

  1. ^ "Parallel Latin/English Psalter / Psalmus 13". Archived from the original on 2017-09-30. Retrieved 2019-07-28.
  2. ^ Morgenstern, Julian. "Psalm 11." Journal of Biblical Literature, vol. 69, no. 3, 1950, pp. 221–231.
  3. ^ Bennett, Robert A., “Wisdom Motifs in Psalm 14 = 53: Nābāl and 'Ēṣāh”, Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research, no. 220, 1975, pp. 15–21.
  4. ^ Gunkel, Hermann (1986). Die Psalmen (in German) (6. Aufl ed.). Gottingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. p. 233. ISBN 3525516533. OCLC 15270384.
  5. ^ "Psalms Chapter 14 תְּהִלִּים". mechon-mamre.org. Retrieved 31 March 2022.
  6. ^ Romans 3:11–18
  7. ^ Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, 1983
  8. ^ "Psalms 14 Commentary - Matthew Henry Commentary on the Whole Bible (Complete)". Bible Study Tools.
  9. ^ "Topical Bible: Abominable". biblehub.com.
  10. ^ Kirkpatrick, A. F. (1901). The Book of Psalms: with Introduction and Notes. The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges. Vol. Book IV and V: Psalms XC-CL. Cambridge: At the University Press. p. 838. Retrieved February 28, 2019.
  11. ^ Church of England, Book of Common Prayer: The Psalter as printed by John Baskerville in 1762, pp. 196ff

External links[edit]